p.276, Charles McCulloch of Myrtoun Wigtownshire, Thomas MacDowall of Renfrewshire, son of Uchtred; died in battle. [7] However, relations were soon soured by repeated cross-border raids, rivalry at sea leading to the death of the Scottish privateer Andrew Barton and the capture of his ships in 1511,[8] and increasingly bellicose rhetoric by King Henry VIII of England in claiming to be the overlord of Scotland. Cal. Surrey’s northern army inflicted a military, political and social disaster on the Scots at Flodden in Northumberland on 9 September 1513. James IV of Scotland. p.375, Lord Askill Robert Erskine, 4th Lord Erskine, Lord Avondale, Andrew Stewart, 1st Lord Avondale (second creation) Lord of the Bedchamber, son-i-law of 2nd Lord Kennedy. … Battle of Flodden, (Sept. 9, 1513), English victory over the Scots, fought near Branxton, Northumberland. 1326, Earl of Erroll (William Hay 4th Earl of Erroll, Constable of Scotland ) (Arroll) p.567, Earl of Glencairn (Possibly Wm Cunynghame of Craigends, son of Alexander Cunynghame, Earl of Glencairn who d.1488), Earl of Lennox Matthew Stewart, 2nd Earl of Lennox p.335, Earl of Marr. [107] George Buchanan wrote in his History of Scotland (published in 1582) that, according to the lists that were compiled throughout the counties of Scotland, there were about 5,000 killed. [82] The Earl of Arundel was painted by Philip Fruytiers, following Anthony van Dyck's 1639 composition, with his ancestor's sword, gauntlet and helm from Flodden. p.478. This may explain English claims that the Scottish guns were destroyed by return fire, when in fact they were captured undamaged after the battle. This was the last time that bill and pike would come together as equals in battle. p.566, William Hay, 4th Earl of Erroll, Constable of Scotland p.567. George Douglas, Master of Angus father of 6th Earl & son of Archibald Douglas, 5th Earl of Angus with his bro. [55], At about 4 pm on Friday in wet and windy weather, James began the battle with an artillery duel; however, James's big guns did not perform as well as he had hoped. The Scottish king crossed the border with an army of about 30,000 men supported by artillery. Edited by Jeremy Black. The Scottish army was organised into four divisions or battles. The wife of James IV, Margaret Tudor, is said to have awaited news of her husband at Linlithgow Palace, where a room at the top of a tower is called 'Queen's Margaret's bower'. Despite the loss of his standard, Huntly was one of the few Scottish nobles to survive the battle. Of the 10,000 Scots estimated to have died in battle, barely a square mile of the Borders was left untouched by tragedy. Surrey's army lost 1,500 men killed. Archibald Campbell, 2nd Earl of Argyll, with two sons. Pedigree CIX, Lord Knolis (Sir Wm Knolls, Lord of Saint Johns). J. D. Mackie, 'The English Army at Flodden' in. "[95], Soon after the battle there were legends that James IV had survived; a Scottish merchant at Tournai in October claimed to have spoken with him,[96] Lindsay of Pitscottie records two myths; "thair cam four great men upon hors, and every ane of thame had ane wisp upoun thair spear headis, quhairby they might know one another and brought the king furth of the feild, upoun ane dun hackney," and also that the king escaped from the field but was killed between Duns and Kelso. Sub vexillo regis) p. 491, Sir John Stuart (or Stewart) 2nd son of the Earl of Buchan, Sir Brian Tunstall of Thurland Castle; died in battle, Henry Wardlaw of Kilbaberton, Edinburgh, p. 574, Sir David Wemyss, bro-i-law of Robert Gray. Battle of Flodden, (Sept. 9, 1513), English victory over the Scots, fought near Branxton, Northumberland.Ever anxious to protect themselves against their old enemy, the English, the Scots formed an alliance with France in 1295. It’s more than five centuries since the men of Hawick fought and died at Flodden. Read more about the Battle of Flodden at Wikipedia. [2] A plaque on the monument to the 2nd Duke of Norfolk (as the Earl of Surrey became in 1514) at Thetford put the figure at 17,000. William Spottiswood. William Knight sent the news from Lille to Rome on 20 September, claiming 12,000 Scots had died, with fewer than 500 English casualties. [94] Catherine suggested Henry should use the coat as his battle-banner, and wrote she had thought to send him the body too, as Henry had sent her the Duke of Longueville, his prisoner from Thérouanne, but "Englishmen's hearts would not suffer it. [91], James's banner, sword and his cuisses, thigh-armour, were taken to the shrine of Saint Cuthbert at Durham Cathedral. Winner of the Battle of Flodden: The Scottish were overwhelmingly defeated by the English, with the death of King James IV and many of his accompanying Scottish nobles and citizens. The Battle of Culloden was the final conflict during the Jacobite Rising of 1745, in which the government forces defeated the Jacobite army and suppressed once and for all Charles Stuart's ambition of reclaiming the thrones of England and Scotland for his father, James Stuart. The historian R. L. Mackie wondered if the incident really happened as a masquerade orchestrated by an anti-war party: Norman Macdougall doubts if there was a significant anti-war faction. An official English diplomatic report issued by Brian Tuke noted the Scots' iron spears and their initial "very good order after the German fashion", but concluded that "the English halberdiers decided the whole affair, so that in the battle the bows and ordnance were of little use. The letter also mentions that the Scots placed their officers in the front line in medieval style, where they were vulnerable, contrasting this loss of the nobility with the English great men who took their stand with the reserves and at the rear. Conflict began when James IV, King of Scots, declared war on England to honour the Auld Alliance with France by diverting Henry's English troops from their campaign against the French king, Louis XII. A monument, erected in 1910, is easily reached from Branxton village by following the road past St Paul's Church. Except of course when its more than equivalent, as it has been with universal education, for example, or wireless, or these damned aeroplanes. Surrey's army lost 1,500 men killed in battle. The Quincentennial of the battle in 2013 was commemorated by a programme of projects and events bringing together communities from both sides of the border. Pedigree CLXXIII, ........... Kennedy of Ballathis, Annandale, p. 579, Symon Kirkcaldy, Hill of Lumquhat, Fife, p. 496, Sir Alexander Lauder of Blyth, Provost of Edinburgh. The Scots were arrayed to the south, upon Branxton Hill and the ridgetop to the east. William Graham, 1st Earl of Montrose; led part of the Scottish vanguard; died with his brother George Graham of Calendar, and bro-in-law, Sir William Edmonstone. Only the chancel arch remains of the medieval church where James IV's body was said to have rested after the battle—the rest is Victorian, dating from 1849 in the "Norman" style. The Battle of Flodden took place in turbulent times. ..., It must be borne in mind that it is only the King's vassals or tenants who left heirs in lands in the comparatively small portion of Scotland then held by the King, whose names can be expected to appear in the present Accounts. James IV of Scotland, who died at the Battle of Flodden on 9 September 1513, left a posthumous son, Alexander Stewart, Duke of Ross, who was born on 30 April 1514, 7 months later. p.443 John Stewart, 1st Earl of Atholl. Death: September 09, 1513 (63-72) near Branxton, Northumberland, England (United Kingdom) (killed in the battle) Immediate Family: Son of Sir Walter Buchanan of that Ilk, 12th Chief of Buchanan and NN First wife of Walter, 12th Laird of Buchanan. pp.182 & 187, p.279, Sir John Douglas John Douglas, 2nd Earl of Morton; died in battle. Two years later Francis I of France defeated the Swiss pikemen at the Battle of Marignano, using a combination of heavy cavalry and artillery, ushering in a new era in the history of war. Besides the names in the following list, there are many other instances of Sasines taken in favour of the heirs of persons whom we know from other sources to have died at Flodden. George Seton, 3rd Lord Seton. [1] There were various conflicting accounts of the Scottish loss. All but one of Selkirk’s eighty volunteers was slaughtered. David Pringle, son of the Laird of Smailholm, killed in battle alongside his four sons. John Lindsay, 6th Earl of Crawford, Scottish field commander. At Framlingham Castle the Duke kept two silver-gilt cups engraved with the arms of James IV, which he bequeathed to Cardinal Wolsey in 1524. [103] By that date Margaret had given birth to James's posthumous son Alexander and married the Earl of Angus. 483-6, Patrick Dunbar, Mochrum, bro-in-law of Uchtred MacDowall of Garthland p.278, Alexander Dundas of Fingask with four sons. But Henry was also a complex man: intelligent, boisterous, flamboyant, extravagant. 1932), “Had I but died an hour before this chance,I had lived a blessed time; for from this instantTheres nothing serious in mortality.All is but toys; renown and grace is dead,The wine of life is drawn, and the mere leesIs left this vault to brag of.”—William Shakespeare (15641616), James IV, King of Scots (1488–1513); pp.21-22, Alexander Stewart, Archbishop of St. Andrews and Lord Chancellor of Scotland. Archibald was the eldest son of Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll and Isabel Stewart, daughter of John Stewart, 2nd Lord Lorn.. p.178, Niall Campbell of Melfort; died in battle, John Carnegie, 4th or 5th of Kinnaird, Clan Carnegie, p.51, Alan or Adam Cathcart, Master of Cathcart, eld. died with bros of Alan and Robert. [93], Thomas Hawley, the Rouge Croix pursuivant, was first with news of the victory. Encountering the same difficulties as the previous attack, James's men nevertheless fought their way to Surrey's bodyguard but no further. William Knight sent the news from Lille to Rome on 20 September, claiming 12,000 Scots had died with less than 500 English casualties. Battle of Flodden Field - Claire notes that inside The World's End tavern is the remnant of a wall built by the city fathers of Edinburgh after the disastrous Battle of Flodden Field in 1513 (V, chapter 25) The Battle of Flodden Field was fought on 9 September 1513.England was at war with France and the French persuaded the Scots to renew their alliance and aid the French by invading England. Pope Leo X, already a signatory to the anti-French Treaty of Mechlin, sent a letter to James threatening him with ecclesiastical censure for breaking his peace treaties with England on 28 June 1513, and subsequently James was excommunicated by Cardinal Christopher Bainbridge. James has been criticised for placing himself in the front line and thereby putting himself in personal danger and losing his overview of the field; however, he was well known for taking risks in battle and it would have been out of character for him to stay behind. Description of the Battlefield Although today known as Flodden, contemporary accounts dubbed the battle 'Branxton', which is rather more accurate. For a small country like Scotland the cultural and economic consequences of such a loss were incalculable. [16] Although the "Ill Raid" had little effect on the forthcoming campaign, it may have influenced James's decision not to fight an open battle against Surrey on the same ground. 3rd Lord Seton, p.152, Sir William Seton 3rd son of 2nd Earl of Huntly and grandson of James I of Scotland. [53] A reserve of mounted Borderers commanded by Thomas, Baron Dacre, positioned to the rear. [43], Pitscottie says the vanguard crossed the bridge at 11 am and that the James would not allow the Scots artillery to fire on the vulnerable English during this manoeuvre. Pages 95 to 97. Surrey marched to Doncaster in July and then Pontefract, where he assembled more troops from northern England. [27] The Scots then moved south, capturing the castles of Etal and Ford. On the 500th anniversary of the battle a minute’s silence for the town’s dead was observed at the Mercat Cross in Edinburgh.Photo: Kim Traynor CC BY-SA 3.0 Counting the Cost. (Forman, the King's sergeant-porter, had been captured by Richard Assheton of Middleton. The French soldier Antoine d'Arces arrived at Dumbarton Castle in November with a shipload of armaments which were transported to Stirling. There were various conflicting accounts of the Scottish loss. James declined to attack the vulnerable vanguard, reportedly saying that he was "determined to have them all in front of me on one plain field and see what all of them can do against me". "[76], Despite Tuke's comment (he was not present), this battle was one of the first major engagements in the British Isles where artillery was significantly deployed. The Anglo-Scottish clash proved a devastating defeat for the Scots, who lost 10,000 men. He died at Perth in 1524. The battlefield still looks much as it probably did at the time of the battle, but the burn and marsh which so badly hampered the Scots advance is now drained. Robert Arnot of Woodmill. These sources are compared in the 1995 English Heritage report. The family tradition was either that these items belonged to James IV or were arms carried by Thomas Howard at Flodden. [83] Thomas Lord Darcy retrieved a powder flask belonging to James IV and gave it to Henry VIII. p.277, Sir Alexander Guthrie with three bros-in-law. A register of royal charters was kept and published as the Register of the Great Seal of Scotland. Surrey complained that James had sent his Islay Herald, agreeing that they would join in battle on Friday between 12 noon and 3 pm, and asked that James would face him on the plain at Milfield as appointed. p.2, no.7, Buntyne, of Ardoch, Dumbarton, p. 587 (Qui obiit in campo in Anglia. Where did The Battle of the Spurs take place? J H Stevenson, 'The Flodden Death-Roll' in Scottish Antiquary xiii (Jan. 1899) 101-11. Lord Lindsay advised the King withdraw, comparing their situation to an honest merchant playing dice with a trickster, and wagering a gold rose-noble against a bent halfpenny. p.55, Lord Erskine of Ovir Achlesky, Strathearn. [19], Catherine of Aragon was regent in England. Surrey's army therefore carried out a circuitous march to position themselves in the rear of the Scottish camp. p.581, Sir Christopher Savage; died in battle (query : of Emley Castle, England ), Thomas Schaw, Chief Cook (taken prisoner), p. 53, Patrick Scott, farmer in Stratherne, p. 489, Sir William Scott of Balwery, Fife (taken prisoner: identified the body of James IV at Berwick-upon-Tweed), (Sub vexillo regis) p.80, John Sempill, 1st Lord Sempill of Eliotstoun; died in battle. son of John Hay, 1st Lord Hay of Yester, p.433, Thomas Hay of Logie with his brothers. Size of the armies at the Battle of Flodden: The 2 armies were much the same size, at 20,000 to 30,000 men, the English army larger than the Scottish. Archibald Campbell, 2nd Earl of Argyll, with two sons. [41], During Thursday, 8 September, Surrey moved his army from Wooler Haugh and instead of heading northwest towards Flodden, he turned east across the River Till. p.276, George Lyon, son of John Lyon, 3rd Lord Glamis. [113], A number of subsequent property transactions give names of the fallen. [70], However, according to contemporary English reports, Thomas Howard marched on foot leading the English vanguard to the foot of the hill. ), Donald Campbell of Duntroon. [45], James's army, somewhat reduced from the original 42,000 by sickness and desertion, still amounted to about 34,000, outnumbering the English force by 8,000. George. At the Battle of Culloden, a well-supplied Hanovarian Government army led by the Duke of Cumberland, son of King George II, would face the forces of Charles Edward Stewart, The Young Pretender, in the final confrontation of the 1745 Jacobite Rising. [12], Henry also replied by letter on 12 August, writing that James was mistaken and that any of his attempts on England would be resisted. [64] James himself was killed in the final stage of the battle; his body was found surrounded by the corpses of his bodyguard of the Archers' Guard, recruited from the Forest of Ettrick and known as "the Flowers of the Forest". (Sub vexillo regis) p.572, Colin Oliphant, Master of Oliphant; pp.45 & 543, Laurence Oliphant, Abbot of Inchaffray, 2nd son of Lord Oliphant p.542, Thomas Otterburn, burgess of Edinburgh, (p.1, no.2). [28], A later Scottish chronicle writer, Robert Lindsay of Pitscottie, tells the story that James wasted valuable time at Ford enjoying the company of Elizabeth, Lady Heron and her daughter. The eventual result was a stalemate in which both sides stood off from each other and played no further part in the battle. p.105, p.118, Sir William Douglas of Glenbervie; died in battle with his bro, George Douglas, sons of earl of Angus. As the nineteenth-century antiquarian John Riddell supposed, nearly every noble family in Scotland would have lost a member at Flodden. Brian Tuke, the English Clerk of the Signet, sent a newsletter stating 10,000 Scots killed and 10,000 escaped the field. The Scottish king crossed the border with an army of about 30,000 men supported by artillery. The General Council of Lords made special provisions for the heirs of those killed at Flodden, following a declaration made by James IV at Twiselhaugh, and protection for their widows and daughters. [38] This put Surrey in a difficult position; the choice was to make a frontal attack on Flodden Edge, uphill in the face of the Scottish guns in their prepared position and in all probability be defeated, or to refuse battle, earning disgrace and the anger of King Henry. son-in-law of John Stewart, 1st Earl of Athol Duke of Atholl. Biography. 39) in 1368, having directed his body to be buried before the altar of St. Katherine in Eccles Church. Duntrune Castle ; said to have died in battle, Sir Duncan Campbell, 2nd of Glenorchy, son of Sir Colin Campbell of Kilchurn Castle. He was made Master of the Royal Household of James IV of Scotland on 24 March 1495. The earliest accounts of the battle are English. Militarily the battle is very important, and has been described as the last great medieval battle that took place in the British Isles. What else did Henry capture in 1513? Brian Tuke mentioned in his letter to Cardinal Bainbridge that the coat was lacerated and chequered with blood. Surrey saved his son from disaster by ordering the intervention of Dacre's light horsemen, who were able to approach unobserved in the dead ground that had been exploited earlier by the vanguard. In front of them "[85] The chronicle writer John Stow gave a location for the King's death; "Pipard's Hill," now unknown, which may have been the small hill on Branxton Ridge overlooking Branxton church. As a result of his services at the battle, Sir William received a letter of thanks from Henry VIII, which survives in the Molyneux family archive. Howard claims his presence in "proper person" at the front is his trial by combat for Barton's death. This committee was intended to rule in the name of Margaret Tudor and her son James V of Scotland. p.152, p.580, William Adair of Kinhilt Stranraer Wigtownshire & Dunskey Castle with bros-in-law Alex Stewart of Garlies & John Dunbar Mochrum p.486. There were various conflicting accounts of the Scottish loss. He rebuilt his parish church St. Leonard's, Middleton, which contains the unique "Flodden Window." Surprising the Scots by a sudden volley of arrows, the English killed as many as 600 of the Scots before they were able to escape, leaving their booty and the Home family banner behind them. It depicts and names the archers and their priest in stained glass. Where was Henry when The Battle of the Spurs took place? Catherine of Aragon. [13] Using the pretext of revenge for the murder of Robert Kerr, a Warden of the Scottish East March who had been killed by John "The Bastard" Heron in 1508, James invaded England with an army of about 30,000 men. The Exchequer Rolls of Scotland, a record of royal income, also gives names of the fallen. Italian … Unknown to the Scots, an area of marshy land lay in their path, which had the effect of breaking up their formations. p.269, Master Cawell (Colville or Caldwell), clerk of the Chancery, Robert Colville of Hiltoun & Tillicultrie. At least three hundred knights and lairds fell. 341 names of Scots killed at Flodden. The outnumbered English battle was forced back and elements of it began to run off. The Scottish Lyon King of Arms brought James IV's letter of 26 July[11] to him. William Knight sent the news from Lilleto Rome on 20 September, claiming 12,000 Scots had died, with fewer than 500 English casualties. The stained-glass Flodden Window in Middleton Parish Church, reputedly the oldest war memorial in Great Britain, was constructed by Sir Richard Assheton in memory of the Battle of Flodden and the archers from Middleton who fought in it.[126]. Battle of Flodden - Casualties - Notable Men Who Died Notable Men Who Died James IV, King of Scots (1488–1513); pp.21-22 Alexander Stewart, Archbishop of St. Andrews and Lord Chancellor of Scotland. James quickly saw the threat and ordered his army to break camp and move to Branxton Hill, a commanding position which would deny the feature to the English and still give his pike formations the advantage of a downhill attack if the opportunity arose. William Gordon, Laird of Gight and Master of Inverlochy Castle; died in battle commanding the Clan Cameron. Surrey had taken the precaution of sending Sir William Bulmer north with 200 mounted archers, which Bulmer augmented with locally levied men to create a force approaching 1,000 in strength. William Knight sent the news from Lille to Rome on 20 September, claiming 12,000 Scots had died with less than 500 English casualties. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Lord Innermeath or Innermath (Thomas Stewart, 2nd Lord); p.4 ; Lord Keith and his bro William, sons of the 3rd Earl Marshall. p.268, p.259, David Forsyth of Cadintoun, Aberdeen, p. 627, Thomas Fraser, master of Lovat. [39] Waiting for James to make a move was not an option because his 26,000 strong army desperately needed resupply, the convoy of wagons bringing food and beer for the troops from Newcastle having been ambushed and looted by local Englishmen. William Spotswood of Spotswood. Here's everything you need to know about the battle, which remains the greatest ever Scottish invasion of England… p.436, Sir John Erskine, younger, of Dun. p.157, William Craig of Craigfintry; died in battle, James Crammond of (Crammond Regis ?) These were feudal tenants who held their lands from the King, and would pay their dues directly to the exchequer. Annual event with commemorative rideout to the Flodden Memorial, A monument of the Battle of Flodden, Pastscape, Sir Walter Scott's account of the Laird of Muirhead's role protecting James IV in the Battle of Flodden, Flodden 1513 communities Ecomuseum project, Flodden 1513, the remembering Flodden project, Flodden 500 years anniversary (2013): Follow the community archaeological project excavating in and around Flodden battlefield, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Flodden&oldid=1023131254, Registered historic battlefields in England, 16th-century military history of Scotland, Short description with empty Wikidata description, Articles needing additional references from September 2017, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing additional references from March 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Sir Iain (John) MacFarlane 11th Baron of Arrochar, 8th Chief of Clan MacFarlane, Sir William Cockburn of Langton and his eldest son and heir Alexander, Archibald Graham, 3rd of Garvock – King James' cousin, Alexander Guthrie of Kincaldrum, and his son David, David, William, and George Lyon. 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