However, he accepted bad advice from the nobility's hard-line conservatives and his wife, Marie Antoinette. Louis XVI was not a cat person Although he was generally a fair and gentle man, Louis XVI did bear some hatred in his heart for one particular race of creatures: cats. At his best, he knew how to overcome his struggles through a driving force called determination. Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz was a 17th century nun, self-taught scholar and acclaimed writer of the Latin American colonial period and the Hispanic Baroque. The sufferings he faced were part of the revolution and Louis XVI did little more then keep up. At age 15 (in May 1770), Louis married the 14 year-old Habsburg Archduchess Maria Antonia (Marie Antoinette), his second cousin once removed, in an arranged marriage. Louis XV's personality has been usually described as something like, "gloomy, shy, reluctant to form attachments", a man who obviously found it more difficult to irradiate personal authority and self-confidence than Louis XIV, despite his position as absolute monarch and being generally regarded as one of the best-looking men in France, as well as fit and athletic. "("FRENCH REVOLUTION: An Overview"). Louis XVI (seated) receiving Benjamin Franklin (bowing), the American commissioner to France, March 1778. Abolished Torture For Confessions. That November, proof of Louis XVI's secret dealings and counter-revolutionary intrigues was discovered, and he and his family were charged with treason. The day is now commemorated in France as a national holiday and the start of the French Revolution. Updates? On July 14, riots broke out in Paris and crowds stormed the Bastille prison in a show of defiance toward the King. Both Louis XVI and Napoleon Bonaparte were known as absolute rulers; however, the different events, the different time period, the different policies, and their different personalities caused Louis XVI to be reviled and Napoleon to be accepted. In 1770 he married the Austrian archduchess Marie-Antoinette, daughter of Maria Theresa and the Holy Roman emperor Francis I. His shyness kept him distant from her in private, and his fear of her manipulation made him cold to her in public. Remarkable as much for her exuberant personality as for her great piety, she remained loyally devoted throughout her life to her brother and sister-in-law, whom she followed to the guillotine. Henry the Navigator, a 15th century Portuguese prince, helped usher in both the Age of Discovery and the Atlantic slave trade. Though King Louis is not seen again after Jacques takes his place he will later be found while in hiding and killed, as the entire sketch is based on actual French history. Positive Characteristics good mathematician, good grasp of complex financial policy compassionate towards Louis XIV of France (LSI): Personality Type Analysis Louis XIV, sometimes called "the Sun King" and "Louis the Great", reigned as King of France and Navarre from 1643 until his death in 1715 at the age of 76. The French were also suspicious of her ties to Austria and her influence on King Louis XVI in attempting to foster policies friendly to Austria. Well-disposed toward his subjects and interested in the conduct of foreign policy, Louis had not sufficient strength of character or power of decision to combat the influence of court factions or to give the necessary support to reforming ministers, such as Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot or Jacques Necker, in their efforts to shore up the tottering finances of the ancien régime. At first known as the duc de Berry, he became the heir to the throne on his father’s death in 1765. He was the King Louis XVI of France On May 10, 1774, Louis Auguste became Louis XVI upon the death of his grandfather, Louis XV. The latter are more important because it can be said it was unfortunate that Louis XVI was ruling at the time when the revolution began and these long term tensions had come to its peak in 1789. All but Marie-Thérèse died in childhood. As king, Louis XVI focused primarily on religious freedom and foreign policy. When a final decision on the question of a respite was taken on January 19, Louis was condemned to death by 380 votes to 310. In 1770 he married Austrian archduchess Marie Antoinette, the daughter of Maria Theresa and Holy Roman Emperor Francis I. 16-Personality (based on types by Jung, Myers, & Briggs), and bio info 13. After a slew of governing missteps, Louis XVI brought the French Revolution crashing down upon himself. At birth, he was given the title Duc de Berry. Lethargic in temperament, lacking political insight, and therefore incapable of appreciating the need to compromise, Louis continued to divert himself by hunting and with his personal hobbies of making locks and doing masonry. Initially, Louis XVI resisted, declared the Assembly null and void and called out the army to restore order. At eight o'clock a guard of 1,200 horsemen arrived to escort the former king on a two-hour carriage ride to his place of execution. They exacerbated his shyness by teaching him that austerity was a sign of a strong character in monarchs. See Answer. Thenceforward he seems to have been completely dominated by the queen, who must bear the chief blame for the court’s subsequent political duplicity. Louis’s resistance to popular demands was one of the causes of the forcible transfer of the royal family from Versailles to the Tuileries Palace in Paris on October 6. Louis was soon found guilty by the National Assembly and condemned to death. These factors included conflict within France's hierarchal structure, problems within the French government and the impact of Enlightenment. He had an enormous responsibility as the government was deeply in debt and resentment of “despotic” monarchy was on the rise. He was succeeded by Queen Elizabeth II in 1952. It also led to the temporary suspension of the king’s powers by the Legislative Assembly and the proclamation of the First French Republic on September 21. Louis XVI’s Personality. Louis the XVI is most famous for getting his head whacked off—along with wife Marie Antoinette—during the French Revolution. Louis lacked sufficient strength of character and decisiveness to combat the influence of court factions or give support to reformers in their efforts to improve France's government. After her mother died in 1780, she became more extravagant, which led to growing resentment. Louis XVI was the third son of Louis, Dauphin of France and grandson of Louis XV of France. The future Louis XVI was born at Versailles in August 1754. His mother never recovered from the family tragedies and also succumbed to tuberculosis on March 13, 1767. Louis XVI’s Early Years | History of Western Civilization II The marriage was met with some skepticism by members of the French court, as they remembered a previous alliance with the Habsburgs pulled France into the Seven Years War. Modern historians attribute this behavior to a clinical depression that left him prone to paralyzing indecisiveness. The revolution is considered one of the most important events in human history, as it has continued to shape societies and the ways we live today (Cody, 2008). In the fall of 1791, Louis XVI tied his hopes on the dubious prospect of war with Austria in hopes that a military defeat would pave the way for a restoration of his authority. By 1789, the situation was deteriorating rapidly. Louis XVI’s courage on June 20, 1792, when the royal palace was invaded by the Paris mob after his dismissal of the Girondin ministry, and his dignified bearing during his trial and at the moment of execution did something to redeem, but did not reestablish, his reputation. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Father Edgeworth de Firmont, who had accompanied King Louis XVI to his execution, performed their marriage ceremony. Personal Characteristics. Despite the last-minute efforts of the Girondins to save him, Citizen Capet, as he was then called, was found guilty by the National Convention and condemned to death on January 18, 1793, by 387 votes (including 26 in favour of a debate on the possibility of postponing execution) to 334 (including 13 for a death sentence with the proviso that it should be suspended). He felt woefully unqualified to resolve the situation. As a result, Catherine rejected many principles of the Enlightenment she had previously viewed favourably. For all his flaws, Louis was sincerely committed to a policy of religious tolerance. Ultimately unwilling to cede his royal power to the Revolutionary government, Louis XVI was found guilty of treason and condemned to death. Louis XVI was the last Bourbon king of France who was executed in 1793 for treason. Her charisma and lightness contrasted with the withdrawn and uninspiring personality of her husband. As king, Louis focused primarily on religious freedom and foreign policy. His wife, Marie Antoinette, met the same fate nine months later, on October 16, 1793. When Louis XVI succeeded to the throne in 1774, he was 19 years old. This was not good news for a country with swelling national debt and a resentment against “despots”—two things on the rise well before Louis’s ascension. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. His wife, Marie-Antoinette, was guillotined nine months later, and their son Louis (XVII) died at the age of 10 while imprisoned by the Revolutionary government. Louis XVI was guillotined in the Place de la Révolution on January 21, 1793. Faith for All. Louis XVI is seen by some historians and just in general as a martyr king. With his good health, Louis enjoyed physical activities including hunting and wrestling. Very shy. Prompted by Marie-Antoinette, Louis rejected the advice of the moderate constitutionalists, led by Antoine Barnave, to faithfully implement the constitution of 1791, which he had sworn to maintain, and committed himself to a policy of subterfuge and deception. The king privately continued to believe that the Revolution would burn itself out. He himself felt woefully unqualified to resolve the situation. His failure to successfully address serious fiscal problems would dog him for most of his reign. The Character of Louis XVI Conclusion Although he may have had the capabilities to be a good king, Louis' silences and lack of charisma lost him support at crucial moments. 16-Personality (based on types by Jung, Myers, & Briggs), and bio info Henry IV granted religious freedom to Protestants by issuing the Edict of Nantes during his reign as king of France, from 1589 to 1610. Public dissension grew, and a National Guard formed to resist the King's actions. Louis Auguste was ill-prepared for the throne he was soon to inherit. Louis was only nine years old when he succeeded his father Henry IV. Their young son, Louis-Charles, died in prison where living conditions were horrible. Louis XVI’s mother in law helped the royal couple in their sex life. The monarchy was abolished on September 21, 1792; later Louis and his queen consort, Marie-Antoinette, were guillotined on charges of counterrevolution. All of Louis’s elder siblings died when they were children. He talked of reform but resisted demands for it. He himself appeared twice before the Convention (December 11 and 23). At the same time, he encouraged the Girondin faction in the Legislative Assembly (which had succeeded the National Assembly in September 1791) in their policy of war with Austria, in the expectation that French military disaster would pave the way for the restoration of his authority. Their young son, Louis-Charles, died in prison where living conditions were horrible. After his grandfather’s death on 10th May 1774, Louis XVI ascended the throne of France Positive Characteristics good mathematician, good grasp of complex financial policy compassionate towards Louis XVI, King of France: Louis XIII of France. But it would account for aspects of his personality that can be identified today such as his rigidity, inhibitions, over-conscientiousness combined with an inability to relax. Louis XVI was a weak and indecisive man. All Louis XVI wanted to do was stay to achieve this goal; he hid behind as many other people as necessary and did not care about their well-being. What was Louis XVI's personality like? She was the youngest daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Francis I and Empress Maria Theresa. Personality profile of Louis XVI MBTILounge.com. The latter are more important because it can be said it was unfortunate that Louis XVI was ruling at the time when the revolution began and these long term tensions had come to its peak in 1789. Louis XIII was a Bourbon monarch, known as Louis "the Just", who ruled as King of France and Navarre from 1610 to 1643. Professor of History, University of Kentucky, Lexington. Louis XVI had hoped to arrive in Austria and spark a counter-revolutionary movement among France’s neighboring countries in order to retake control over the country. Louis XVI s second goal was that during the French Revolution was to stay King and keep France a monarchy. The refusal of a specially summoned Assembly of Notables to approve these measures, and the opposition of the parlements, forced the king in July 1788 to summon the Estates-General—the representatives of the clergy, nobility, and commoners—for the following year and thus set in motion the Revolution. The meeting did not go well. Louis XVI’s great-great-great grandfather was Louis XIV of France (also known as the “Sun King”). He was tutored by French noblemen and studied religion, morality and humanities. Louis convened the Estates-General in an effort to solve his budget crisis, but by doing so he unwittingly sparked the French Revolution. French philosopher Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de la Brède et de Montesquieu, was a highly influential political thinker during the Age of Enlightenment. Louis nevertheless possessed an excellent memory, acquired a sound knowledge of Latin and English, and took an interest in history and geography. He and his family were brought back to Paris, and he lost all credibility as a monarch. A Matter of Bed and State. His downfall came during the Franco-Prussian War, when his efforts to defeat Otto Von Bismarck ended in his capture. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Louis was well-educated: a studious man, cultivated, and a lover of music, he preferred the pleasures of conversation to those of hunting, balls, or spectacles. Nine months later his wife met the same fate. As king, Louis focused primarily on religious freedom and foreign policy. In order to distract herself from her troublesome marriage, the queen indulged in partying and gambling. On May 10, 1774, Louis Auguste became Louis XVI upon the death of his grandfather, Louis XV. It was during his last tenure that he got so intense to the point of forgetting his whole self. 1 Information 2 Personality 3 Appearance 4 Trivia Whereas, she was outgoing and craved social encounters such as parties. His education was entrusted to the duc de La Vauguyon (Antoine de Quélen de Caussade). It is often said that Louis XVI was the victim of the faults of his predecessors. In May 1789, Louis XVI convened the Estates General to address the fiscal crisis, an advisory assembly of different estates or socio-economic classes (the clergy, the nobility and the commoners). Gerald Ford became the 38th president of the United States following Richard Nixon's resignation, in the aftermath of the Watergate scandal. His upbringing was a tension between different ideas and aspirations for his future rule. Marie Antoinette, formerly welcomed, became vilified … The infertility (for whatever reason) of Louis and his wife was a target of … Later, however, he listened to his evil counselors and changed his mind. more focused on hunting and locksmithing than his duties as King. Louis was guillotined, followed by Marie Antoinette nine months later. Biography. Louis XVI, King of France: Gender: M: born on: 23 August 1754 at 06:26 (= 06:26 AM ) Place: Versailles, France, 48n48, 2e08 : Timezone: LMT m2e08 (is local mean time) Data source: News report: Rodden Rating A: Collector: Rodden: Astrology data: 29°56' 07°53 Asc. He was married to Marie Antoinette and was executed for treason by guillotine in 1793. The first few years of marriage for Louis and Marie were amicable but distant. He was the third French king of the House of Bourbon, ascending the throne when he was 4 upon the death of his father, King Louis XIII (IEI). Personality. By the mid-1780s the country was near bankruptcy, which forced the king to support radical fiscal reforms not favorable with the nobles or the people. As well, he enjoyed solitary activities, such as: reading and metalwork. The Personality Database is a user-driven, social community based on popular typing methods as the Four Letter Personality types, Enneagream, Socionics, Temperaments and other Personality Systems. On the death of his grandfather Louis XV, Louis succeeded to the French throne on May 10, 1774. His birth was greeted with immense national rejoicing, and he was hailed as le Dieudonné, "the God-given." His wife, Marie Antoinette, met the same fate nine months later, on October 16, 1793. Louis had failed to address France's financial problems, instigating the French Revolution that eventually descended upon him. Belloc’s The French Revolution was published in 1911. Some aspects of Louis XVI's personality remind me of Albert I, King of the Belgians. He had an enormous responsibility as the government was deeply in debt and resentment of “despotic” monarchy was on the rise. The Character of Louis XVI Conclusion Although he may have had the capabilities to be a good king, Louis' silences and lack of charisma lost him support at crucial moments. He was born in 1754 as Louis-August, Duc de Berry, to Louis (The Dauphin of France) and Princess Marie-Josephe; grandson of current king, Louis XV ("Louis XVI Biography" 1). Yet he made still more mistakes, refusing to follow the secret advice tendered to him after May 1790 by the comte de Mirabeau, abdicating his responsibilities, and acquiescing in a disastrous attempt to escape from the capital to the eastern frontier on June 21, 1791. Louis was the third son of the dauphin Louis and his consort Maria Josepha of Saxony. He was taught to avoid letting others know his thoughts, which has led to sharp disagreement about his intelligence. He made matters worse by often escaping to more pleasurable activities like hunting and locksmithing. Despite his reluctance, he had to endorse its "destruction" of the feudal regime and its Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in August. When Louis XVI acceded to the throne in 1774, he was nineteen years old. He was guillotined on January 21, 1793. Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte and Louis Antoine’s marriage was … Louis XIV, sometimes called "the Sun King" and "Louis the Great", reigned as King of France and Navarre from 1643 until his death in 1715 at the age of 76.He was the third French king of the House of Bourbon, ascending the throne when he was 4 upon the death of his father, King Louis XIII (IEI).His reign was the zenith of France as the leading European power politically, militarily and culturally. He tried to do some reforms but it was too little and too late. In late 1774 he reversed Louis XV’s and Chancellor René Maupeou’s controversial attempt to reduce the powers of the parlements that had been undertaken in 1771; this decision was popular but placed obstacles in the way of any major reforms. Only 20 years old at the time, Louis XVI was immature and lacked self-confidence. From an early age, he enjoyed locksmithing, which became a lifelong hobby. While Louis XVI wanted to be a good king and help his subjects, he faced enormous debt and rising resentment towards a despotic monarchy. At that time he was still immature, lacking in self-confidence, austere in manner, and, because of a physical defect (later remedied by an operation), unable to consummate his marriage. Marie-Antoinette, mixed-method colour print on two sheets of paper by Jean-François Janinet, print after Jean-Baptiste-André Gautier d'Agoty, 1777; in the British Museum. At that time he was still immature, lacking in self-confidence, austere in manner, and, because of a physical defect (later remedied by an operation), unable to consummate his marriage. Though initially charmed by her personality, the French people eventually came to loathe Marie Antoinette, accusing her of being promiscuous and sympathetic to French enemies. The grandson of Louis XV, the Dauphin Louis Auguste inherited a system of absolute monarchy. At first he promised to obey the constitution which had been instituted in 1791, though it placed a limit narrow on his power. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! Not long after Louis … Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. His sister Elizabeth would follow him to the guillotine. By June, the Third Estate declared itself the National Assembly, aligned with the bourgeoisie and set out to develop a constitution. Personality. Following the death of his parents, Louis' tutors provided him with poor interpersonal skills. Wiki User Answered 2011-06-07 21:24:24. Hilaire Belloc (1870-1953) was a French-born British historian and author, active in the first half of the 20th century. King Louis XV passed away in 1774 and Louis Auguste succeeded him to the French throne as Louis XVI. On the homefront, he invoked an edict that granted French non-Catholics legal status and the right to openly practice their faith. The problem with this system was that it needed a ruler to have special fortitude and political genius. Louis’s Personality Louis XVI was known as an imaginative, thoughtful and intelligent person. Their young son, Louis-Charles, died in prison where living conditions were horrible. Louis XVI (1754–1793) is generally known mainly as the French king who was guillotined when his country fell into chaos during the French Revolution in the late 1700s. Top Answer. Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette’s only surviving child Marie-Thérèse-Charlotte married her first cousin Louis Antoine of France, Duke of Angoulême, the eldest son of Louis XVI’s brother, King Charles X. The French were also suspicious of her ties to Austria and her influence on King Louis XVI in attempting to foster policies friendly to Austria. Belloc’s The French Revolution was published in 1911. Marriage was … personality was 19 years old at Versailles in August 1754 slew of missteps... 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